gre tunnel basics
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Login Page with Random MAC Detection | October 5, 2025
Hotspot businesses such as cafés, restaurants, co-working spaces, schools, and ISPs often rely on MikroTik Hotspot solutions to provide Wi-Fi access. One common challenge is that many modern devices (Android, iOS, Windows, macOS) use randomized (private) MAC addresses, which can cause repeated logins, loss of session persistence, and difficulties with usage tracking. To solve this problem, we have designed a professional Hotspot Login Page Template that not only looks modern and mobile-friendly but also detects randomized MAC addresses and notifies [...]
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MikroTik EoIP Tunnel for Bridging LANs over the Internet | April 22, 2018
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides EoIP (Ethernet over IP) that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. EoIP tunneling is a MikroTik RouterOS protocol that creates an Ethernet tunnel between two MikroTik Routers on top [...]
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Hard Disk Partitioning in Windows 7, 8 & 10 | August 26, 2015
Windows is the most popular operating system in the world. Any computer user cannot go a single day without windows operating system. Even, I am writing this article on a windows operating system and you are also reading this article on any windows operating system, I think. Windows provides a lot of features or utilities for its user so that they can maintain their operating system so easily. Disk Management is such a built-in powerful utility in windows operating system which [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Setup with Radius Server (User Manager) | January 6, 2018
Hotspot is one of the most popular services in MikroTik Router. It is popularly used in Hotel and Restaurant, Railway Station or Airport, School or University Campus and so on. Even ISP network and office network also use MikroTik Hotspot for authenticating network clients/users. Hotspot user can be managed with Hotspot’s local user database or with a Radius Server. Radius Server gives facility to manage Hotspot user’s bandwidth and accounting easily and centrally. So, Hotspot setup with Radius Server can [...]
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MikroTik CAPsMAN and CAP Basic Configuration using Winbox | February 20, 2020
MikroTik CAPsMAN (Controlled Access Point system Manager) is a centralized Access Point management application provided by MikroTik. MikroTik introduces CAPsMAN from RouterOS v6.11 with CAPsMAN v1 and from RouterOS v6.22rc7 CAPsMAN v2 is running. If you have multiple MikroTik CAPs (Controlled Access Point) in your organization, CAPsMAN provides an easy way to maintain client data as well as CAPs configuration centrally. In my previous article, I discussed how to configure MikroTik Wireless Router as an Access Point. In this article, [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS Redirect with Free SSL Certificate | June 21, 2020
SSL Certificate is required to enable HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect in MikroTik Hotspot. In one of my last articles I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS redirect and HTTPS login with MikroTik self-signed certificate. But self-signed certificate is not trusted by operating system. So, we get the following two issues if we configure HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect with self-signed certificate. Ask to proceed unsafe site: As browsers cannot trust self-signed certificate, it shows a warning message and [...]
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Ubuntu Web Server Configuration with phpMyAdmin (LAMP Stack) | July 12, 2021
Ubuntu Server is one of the most popular open source operating systems that can be used in production without any hassle. In my previous article, I discussed how to install Ubuntu Server with LVM partition. I also discussed how to assign static IP address on Ubuntu Server interface with Netplan network management tool. Ubuntu web server is a popular service because web developers usually use Ubuntu Server for their development project. Besides development project, Ubuntu web server can also be [...]
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MikroTik UserMan RADIUS Server Customers, Users and Routers | November 13, 2017
MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is a centralized user authentication and accounting application that gives the ISP Company or network administrator ability to manage MikroTik RouterOS user, PPP user and Hotspot user so smoothly. There are two methods to install MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server in your network. You can install User Manager Package either on a physical RouterOS or on a dedicated Server Machine or on a Personal Computer where RouterOS is running. How to install and configure User [...]
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