gre tunnel basics
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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How to Install Extra Packages in MikroTik RouterOS | October 10, 2019
MikroTik RouterOS does not always include all the packages those are developed by MikroTik team. So, sometimes you may find that some packages are missing in your RouterOS such as NTP package, DUDE package, Wireless package, CAPsMAN package and so on. Specially, user manager package which is totally a separate MikroTik RADIUS package used to manage user authentication, authorization and accounting is always missing. Also upgrading RouterOS or downgrading RouterOS you may find that some packages are missing there. So, [...]
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MikroTik HotSpot One to One NAT/Universal HotSpot NAT | September 27, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome service that can be customized widely. When MikroTik Hotspot is enabled on an interface, it adds dynamic destination NAT rules which will redirect all HTTP and HTTPS requests from unauthorized users to the Hotspot authentication proxy. So, no user can get internet access in Hotspot network without authentication. MikroTik Hotspot also uses one to one NAT providing an IP address from selected IP Pool and this IP address handles user’s data and limitation. Sometimes we [...]
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Apache2 Web Server HTTPS Configuration on Ubuntu Server | August 15, 2021
Data transmission between web server and web client over port 80 (HTTP) is not encrypted. So, any middle man between web server and web client can view transmitted data and can steal secret information. To overcome this limitation, HTTPS Protocol over port 443 has been introduced. HTTPS is a secure web server that is configured with SSL/TLS certificate. TLS (Transport Layer Security) and its predecessor SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) are web protocols used to wrap normal traffic in a protected, [...]
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How to Block Free Proxy Access with MikroTik Router | May 21, 2019
Proxy Server is an alternative to VPN that breaks blocking firewall of a network. If any user uses free web proxy server with web browser, the web request is processed by the proxy server. So, blocking firewall rule is not applied on the proxy enabled PC. For this, system administrators should be careful enough to block free proxy servers along with blocking VPN access. In my previous article, I discussed how to block VPN access with MikroTik Firewall. In this [...]
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How to Separate MikroTik Hotspot and DHCP IP Pool | October 9, 2020
MikroTik default Hotspot Setup comes with a DHCP Server (which uses same IP Pool of Hotspot Server) to provide IP address and other network information to a connected device. Using this automatic IP address connected device can access Hotspot login page. After successfully login, a one to one NAT IP address is also assigned for the device and this process happens internally in Hotspot Server. User device cannot know this one to one NAT IP assigning. However, Hotspot Server actually [...]
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5 Factors That Affect the VPN Speed | July 6, 2021
So you have finally decided to use VPN services. While it’s a great option you must have your concerns. One of these must be the VPN slowing down at times. If that’s the case then it’s better to know the reasons and to explore the issue prior buying or using a free VPN service. Whether you own a fashion brand or a company that teaches coding to beginner kids, many companies use VPN to provide its employees with a closer [...]
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FreeRADIUS Installation and Basic Configuration on CentOS 7 | November 28, 2018
FreeRADIUS is a modular, high performance and highly customizable open source RADIUS server. Anyone can use FreeRADIUS without any charge and can customize his RADIUS server according to his organizational requirements. In my previous article, I discussed how to install and configure user manager RADIUS server developed by MikroTik. The main disadvantage of user manager RADIUS server is ‘it is not customizable and not suitable for medium or large organization’. On the other hand, FreeRADIUS is giving facility to customize [...]
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Free Online File Storage and File Sharing with Google Drive | August 19, 2015
Google Drive is a popular free online file storage and file sharing service by Google. Google Drive provides 15 GB free online storage where anyone can store or backup any kinds of file. That means, you can store your document file, picture, audio, video or any kinds of file into Google Drive and can read, write or download any file when you want. You can also share your stored file with your friends using Google Drive. But you are only [...]
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