network bandwidth formula

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  • Network Bandwidth and Throughput

    Bandwidth and Throughput are two important basic networking terms in computer network. If you wish to be an expert network administrator, you must have better understanding about these two networking terms. As a network user, you should also have better understanding about network bandwidth and throughput so that you can get maximum output from your network service provider. In this article, I will explain about network bandwidth and throughput from very beginning. I hope, this article will enrich your networking concept. What are Bandwidth and Throughput? Bandwidth In computer network, bandwidth is defined as the maximum number of bits that can flow through a network connection in a given period of time. The fundamental unit of network bandwidth is bits per second (bps). An ISP network connection that specified a bandwidth of 1Mbps means that in one second, maximum 100000 bits can be transferred across this connection. The term bandwidth is normally used in internet broadband subscription plan. Normally a higher bandwidth subscription plan will cost more than that of a lower bandwidth subscription plan. One thing to note is that even if you are subscribing a 1Mbps internet broadband plan, you may not get the full 1Mbps bandwidth when [...]

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    MikroTik CAPsMAN and CAP Basic Configuration using Winbox |   February 20, 2020

    MikroTik CAPsMAN (Controlled Access Point system Manager) is a centralized Access Point management application provided by MikroTik.  MikroTik introduces CAPsMAN from RouterOS v6.11 with CAPsMAN v1 and from RouterOS v6.22rc7 CAPsMAN v2 is running. If you have multiple MikroTik CAPs (Controlled Access Point) in your organization, CAPsMAN provides an easy way to maintain client data as well as CAPs configuration centrally. In my previous article, I discussed how to configure MikroTik Wireless Router as an Access Point. In this article, [...]

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    MikroTik VLAN Routing Configuration with Manageable Switch |   July 11, 2018

    A VLAN (Virtual LAN) is a group of computers, servers, network printers and other network devices that behave as if they were connected to a single network. VLAN is a logical topology that divides a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domains. VLAN is a layer 2 method. So, a manageable switch is required to manage VLAN in your network and a router is required to route and control your inter-VLAN. VLAN increases network security and performance as well as [...]

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    MikroTik VLAN and Bridge Configuration |   September 19, 2017

    VLAN and Bridge are two useful features in MikroTik Router.  These two features are frequently used in any MikroTik network configuration. VLAN divides a physical interface into multiple logical interfaces. So, you can isolate your network into multiple logical networks on a physical interface. On other hand, MikroTik Bridge integrates multiple physical interfaces in a logical interface. So, you can extend your broadcast domain on multiple physical interfaces and can extend your popular services such as PPPoE or DHCP on [...]

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    FreeRADIUS MySQL Database GUI with phpMyAdmin on CentOS 7 |   January 30, 2019

    FreeRADIUS is a high performance RADIUS Server that accepts a large number of networking devices as RADIUS Client including MikroTik Router. MySQL is one of the best user sources for freeRADIUS server. In my previous article, I discussed how to install freeRADIUS server on CentOS 7 and how to integrate MySQL module with freeRADIUS server. I also discussed how to create user group and profile in MySQL database server and authenticate MikroTik PPPoE client with MySQL database user. I used [...]

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    MikroTik HotSpot One to One NAT/Universal HotSpot NAT |   September 27, 2020

    MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome service that can be customized widely. When MikroTik Hotspot is enabled on an interface, it adds dynamic destination NAT rules which will redirect all HTTP and HTTPS requests from unauthorized users to the Hotspot authentication proxy. So, no user can get internet access in Hotspot network without authentication. MikroTik Hotspot also uses one to one NAT providing an IP address from selected IP Pool and this IP address handles user’s data and limitation. Sometimes we [...]

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    MikroTik UserMan RADIUS Server Customers, Users and Routers |   November 13, 2017

    MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is a centralized user authentication and accounting application that gives the ISP Company or network administrator ability to manage MikroTik RouterOS user, PPP user and Hotspot user so smoothly. There are two methods to install MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server in your network. You can install User Manager Package either on a physical RouterOS or on a dedicated Server Machine or on a Personal Computer where RouterOS is running. How to install and configure User [...]

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    MikroTik RADIUS Server Setup with User Manager – RouterOS7 |   August 4, 2022

    MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is an awesome service for user Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) for a small or medium business. User Manager RADIUS Server can be used to maintain Hotspot, PPP, DHCP, IPsec, Wireless and System User authentication.  In RouterOS 7, User Manager has come with new features and looking, specially, maintaining from Winbox. As User Mange package does not come with the default system package in RouterOS 7, we have to install User Manger package manually before [...]

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    CentOS 7 Partition Management with fdisk Utility |   February 11, 2019

    CentOS or Red Hat Linux is a popular server operating system to the system administrators. Almost all the system admins or IT guys who play with mail server, file server, proxy server and so on are so known with CentOS or Red Hat Linux and cannot go a single day without this operating system. The guys who are also wish to be a system admin should be familiar with CentOS or Red Hat operating system. In my previous article, I [...]

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    Apache2 Web Server HTTPS Configuration on Ubuntu Server |   August 15, 2021

    Data transmission between web server and web client over port 80 (HTTP) is not encrypted. So, any middle man between web server and web client can view transmitted data and can steal secret information. To overcome this limitation, HTTPS Protocol over port 443 has been introduced. HTTPS is a secure web server that is configured with SSL/TLS certificate. TLS (Transport Layer Security) and its predecessor SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) are web protocols used to wrap normal traffic in a protected, [...]

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