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Network Bandwidth and Throughput
Bandwidth and Throughput are two important basic networking terms in computer network. If you wish to be an expert network administrator, you must have better understanding about these two networking terms. As a network user, you should also have better understanding about network bandwidth and throughput so that you can get maximum output from your network service provider. In this article, I will explain about network bandwidth and throughput from very beginning. I hope, this article will enrich your networking concept. What are Bandwidth and Throughput? Bandwidth In computer network, bandwidth is defined as the maximum number of bits that can flow through a network connection in a given period of time. The fundamental unit of network bandwidth is bits per second (bps). An ISP network connection that specified a bandwidth of 1Mbps means that in one second, maximum 100000 bits can be transferred across this connection. The term bandwidth is normally used in internet broadband subscription plan. Normally a higher bandwidth subscription plan will cost more than that of a lower bandwidth subscription plan. One thing to note is that even if you are subscribing a 1Mbps internet broadband plan, you may not get the full 1Mbps bandwidth when [...]
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Getting Started with Red Hat Linux | May 20, 2017
Red Hat Linux is an open source server operating system. Although open source Red Hat is a commercial Linux distribution. So, most of the Linux administrators use CentOS because CentOS is a free and open source, enterprise-class and community-supported server platform as well as it is functionally compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. In my previous article, I showed how to install CentOS 7 core packages in your server machine. Today I will introduce you with Red Hat Linux’s command [...]
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How to Add New Domains to BIND DNS Server | July 5, 2019
DNS (Domain Name System) Server is an essential part to any computer network. So, it is always suggest keeping a DNS Server in every network. How to configure a DNS Server with BIND package was discussed in my previous article. A common question among the fresher admins of BIND DNS is how to add a new domain to BIND DNS Server. For this, this article is designed to discuss the proper way to add multiple domains to BIND DNS Server. [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS Redirect with Free SSL Certificate | June 21, 2020
SSL Certificate is required to enable HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect in MikroTik Hotspot. In one of my last articles I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS redirect and HTTPS login with MikroTik self-signed certificate. But self-signed certificate is not trusted by operating system. So, we get the following two issues if we configure HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect with self-signed certificate. Ask to proceed unsafe site: As browsers cannot trust self-signed certificate, it shows a warning message and [...]
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MikroTik VPN Configuration with Site-to-Site PPTP | February 19, 2018
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network and using this VPN tunnel a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik PPTP is a popular client-server VPN service that provides a secure and encrypted link across public network. MikroTik PPTP can be applied in two methods. Connecting remote workstation/client: In this [...]
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work | October 5, 2021
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI [...]
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How to Block VPN Access with MikroTik Router | May 14, 2019
Sometimes system administrators create firewall rule to block unwanted websites. But VPN apps break these firewall rules and allow access to unwanted websites. For example, if Facebook is blocked with MikroTik Firewall and any expert user installs and enables VPN apps (such as OpenVPN, Hotspot Shield, ProtonVPN, NordVPN, PureVPN etc.), he can easily get access to Facebook. So, system administrators should also block popular VPN apps so that user cannot use those VPN servers. Blocking VPN apps is not so [...]
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CentOS 7.5 Installation with GUI and LVM Partition | March 7, 2019
Red Hat/CentOS Linux is a popular server operating system. Specially who work on mail server, web server, web proxy server, ftp server and file server are so familiar with the Red Hat/CentOS Linux. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 Linux step by step with the standard partition. But if you want to work on mail server, web proxy server, ftp server, file server or any other application where disk space changes frequently, the standard partitioning [...]
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MikroTik Winbox 4: New, Fast and Simple RouterOS GUI | September 16, 2024
MikroTik Winbox 4 is a new era of MikroTik network management. Winbox 4 is a new, fast and simple RouterOS GUI. Winbox 4 has a modern and intuitive Graphical User Interface which is preferred and loved by the MikroTik network engineer to manage RouterOS. MikroTik Winbox 4 is now available for download and can be download for Windows, Linux and macOS. Winbox 4 has new features which was absent in previous Winbox version. In this article, we will see how [...]
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How to Recover MikroTik User Password | August 9, 2018
MikroTik Wiki and Forum say that there is no way to recover MikroTik user password without losing MikroTik configuration. But if you have an unencrypted configuration file backup taken before, you will be able to recover your user password using MikroTik password recovery tools. How to Backup and Restore MikroTik configuration file manually was discussed in my previous article. I also discussed how to backup MikroTik configuration file automatically via Mail in another article and in this article I will [...]
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