networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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MikroTik RouterOS User Authentication via RADIUS Server | November 19, 2017
MikroTik RouterOS has a strong local user database that is enough to manage a single MikroTik RouterOS user. But if your network has more than one MikroTik Routers, it is always better to use a RADIUS server to manage RouterOS user centrally. MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is a centralized user authentication and accounting application that gives the ISP Company or network administrator ability to manage not only RouterOS users but also PPP, Hotspot, DHCP and Wireless users. How to [...]
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Block Internet Access at a Certain Time in MikroTik RouterOS | August 1, 2024
We often find how to block or allow internet access at a certain time in our LAN network specially in WiFi network. Time based internet access is so useful for controlling Kids internet in any family or managing stuff internet accessibility in any office or other network. MikroTik RouterOS offers a feature named Kid Control to block internet access at a certain time. This feature is so useful for the parents or network engineers who want to block internet access [...]
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MikroTik Send Browsing Log to Remote Syslog Server | August 18, 2019
MikroTik RouterOS is capable of logging various system events as well as user browsing information. Logs can be saved in router’s memory (RAM), disk, file, sent by email or even sent to remote syslog server. Sometimes it may require saving user browsing log by the law. So, a syslog server is an essential part to any network. In this article, I will discuss how to configure MikroTik Router to keep user browsing log and send that log to remote syslog [...]
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Essential Networking Skills for Job Seekers in IT industry | March 18, 2025
The Information Technology (IT) industry is one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving fields in the modern job market. With continuous advancements in technology, businesses are always on the lookout for skilled IT professionals who can adapt to new trends, troubleshoot complex systems, and enhance cybersecurity measures. However, technical knowledge alone is not enough to secure a job in the IT industry. One of the most critical factors in landing a job and advancing in an IT career is [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Login by HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS | July 25, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot uses various types of login methods. Among these login methods HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS are basic and important login methods. So, a MikroTik system administrator should have proper understanding on Hotspot HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS login methods. In my previous article I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot using Winbox. In this article I will discuss how to use HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS login methods properly in MikroTik Hotspot Server. MikroTik Hotspot [...]
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MikroTik Dual WAN PCC Load Balancing with PPPoE Server | July 5, 2018
Hi geek, you are here because you are finding a complete MikroTik Dual WAN PCC Load balancing and Link Redundancy solution with PPPoE Server because you have managed two ISP connections and want to provide an uninterrupted internet connection to your clients. You also want to manage your LAN clients with PPPoE Server because it provides a hassle free network administration. MikroTik PCC provides 100% reliable Load Balancing and Link Redundancy network and in my previous article I discussed how [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot with Bandwidth Limitation and Prepaid Billing System | January 14, 2018
Say, you are a network administrator and want to establish a network that will have user bandwidth package management facility with prepaid billing system as well as partner advertisement facility. Then, MikroTik Hotspot Server Configuration with MikroTik User Manager Radius Server will be a wise decision. Because, MikroTik User Manager Radius Server is a user authentication, authorization and accounting application that will give facility to manage user bandwidth package with prepaid billing system. On the other hand, you can easily [...]
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Boost Network Performance with MikroTik FastTrack in RouterOS 7 | October 27, 2025
Network administrators often face the challenge of balancing speed and stability. MikroTik’s FastTrack feature, introduced in earlier RouterOS versions and optimized in RouterOS 7, is a game-changing solution that dramatically enhances performance by reducing CPU load and improving packet handling efficiency. 🚀 What Is MikroTik FastTrack? FastTrack is a special processing method in RouterOS that allows packets from established and related connections to bypass the standard connection tracking process. In simple terms, once a connection is identified as safe and [...]
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