topology in computer

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  • Computer Network Topology Outline

    The first thing that has to study about a network is its physical shape or design layout. It will be extremely important when a wiring scheme and design are selected for a new network installation. Actually Network Topology refers to physical shape or design layout of a network. Network topology determines how different nodes in a network are connected and how these nodes communicate to each other. Types of Computer Network Topology Network really has two shapes or two types of topology. Physical topology Logical topology Physical Topologies The physical topology is the physical shape or layout of the wires that can be visible in a network. The Physical topology defines how devices are interconnected with or without wires. Physical topology is further divided into two sections. Point-to-point connections Multipoint connections  Point-to-point connections In a point-to-point connection, a communication link is established between two devices with one wire or air (in the case of wireless). A simple example of point-to- point connection is talking over telephone between two persons where anyone else is not allowed to use the phone on either side. Multipoint Connection Multiple devices or machines are involved in a multipoint connection. These devices mainly share cabling but [...]

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    MikroTik VLAN Routing Configuration with Manageable Switch |   July 11, 2018

    A VLAN (Virtual LAN) is a group of computers, servers, network printers and other network devices that behave as if they were connected to a single network. VLAN is a logical topology that divides a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domains. VLAN is a layer 2 method. So, a manageable switch is required to manage VLAN in your network and a router is required to route and control your inter-VLAN. VLAN increases network security and performance as well as [...]

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    MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec |   March 26, 2018

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was [...]

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    CentOS 7 Network Configuration Using nmtui Tool |   August 27, 2018

    After completing CentOS 7 fresh installation, the first task to a system administrator is to configure its network so that it can communicate to other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 GUI (GNOME Desktop) step by step. If you are a new CentOS 7 user and yet you have not installed CentOS 7.5 on your server machine, feel free to study my previous article and install CentOS 7.5 GNOME Desktop according to that [...]

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    How to Create Free SSL/TLS Certificate with OpenSSL |   July 23, 2021

    SSL/TLS certificate is required to encrypt data sent over internet communication. Without encryption, the sent data can be hacked by the middle man attack. SSL/TLS certificate is usually a pair key, public key and private key, solution where data is encrypted with public key and decrypted with private key. In public communication, public key is required to be signed by a CA (certificate authority) but in private communication, there is no need to be signed by any CA. If we [...]

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    MikroTik SSTP VPN Server Configuration with Windows 10 |   April 27, 2020

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. So, a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network through VPN tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) transports PPP tunnel over TLS channel. SSTP uses TLS channel over TCP port 443. So, SSTP VPN can virtually pass through all firewalls and proxy servers. Because of using TLS [...]

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    FreeRADIUS Installation and Basic Configuration on CentOS 7 |   November 28, 2018

    FreeRADIUS is a modular, high performance and highly customizable open source RADIUS server. Anyone can use FreeRADIUS without any charge and can customize his RADIUS server according to his organizational requirements. In my previous article, I discussed how to install and configure user manager RADIUS server developed by MikroTik. The main disadvantage of user manager RADIUS server is ‘it is not customizable and not suitable for medium or large organization’. On the other hand, FreeRADIUS is giving facility to customize [...]

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    Managing Disk Partition with the parted Tool in CentOS 7 |   March 2, 2019

    As a system administrator, sometimes you may require to manage partitions of your CentOS/Red Hat Linux Operating System. Partition management is always a risky task. But there are some useful tools those are so helpful to manage CentOS/Red Hat Linux disk partition easily. In my previous article, I discussed how to manage CentOS/Red Hat 7 HDD partitions with the fdisk utility. The fdisk tool is only eligible to manage MBR partition table. But GPT partition table is now becoming more [...]

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    How to Add New Domains to BIND DNS Server |   July 5, 2019

    DNS (Domain Name System) Server is an essential part to any computer network. So, it is always suggest keeping a DNS Server in every network. How to configure a DNS Server with BIND package was discussed in my previous article. A common question among the fresher admins of BIND DNS is how to add a new domain to BIND DNS Server. For this, this article is designed to discuss the proper way to add multiple domains to BIND DNS Server. [...]

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    How to Properly Downgrade MikroTik RouterOS and Firmware |   October 2, 2019

    MikroTik RouterOS is in constant development and new features or bug fixes are frequently available, sometimes even monthly. So, it is always recommend upgrading MikroTik RouterOS to a latest and stable version before beginning any configuration. But sometimes you may face that the upgraded version is not working properly according to your demand or you may upgrade to a new version that you don’t want. In this case, you should come back to your workable RouterOS version and firmware. Upgrading RouterOS [...]

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