topology in networking
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Computer Network Topology Outline
The first thing that has to study about a network is its physical shape or design layout. It will be extremely important when a wiring scheme and design are selected for a new network installation. Actually Network Topology refers to physical shape or design layout of a network. Network topology determines how different nodes in a network are connected and how these nodes communicate to each other. Types of Computer Network Topology Network really has two shapes or two types of topology. Physical topology Logical topology Physical Topologies The physical topology is the physical shape or layout of the wires that can be visible in a network. The Physical topology defines how devices are interconnected with or without wires. Physical topology is further divided into two sections. Point-to-point connections Multipoint connections Point-to-point connections In a point-to-point connection, a communication link is established between two devices with one wire or air (in the case of wireless). A simple example of point-to- point connection is talking over telephone between two persons where anyone else is not allowed to use the phone on either side. Multipoint Connection Multiple devices or machines are involved in a multipoint connection. These devices mainly share cabling but [...]
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Managing Disk Partition with the parted Tool in CentOS 7 | March 2, 2019
As a system administrator, sometimes you may require to manage partitions of your CentOS/Red Hat Linux Operating System. Partition management is always a risky task. But there are some useful tools those are so helpful to manage CentOS/Red Hat Linux disk partition easily. In my previous article, I discussed how to manage CentOS/Red Hat 7 HDD partitions with the fdisk utility. The fdisk tool is only eligible to manage MBR partition table. But GPT partition table is now becoming more [...]
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Enable F8 Menu to Enter Safe Mode in Windows 8 & 10 | August 27, 2015
Windows is the most popular operating system in the world. No computer user can go a single day without windows operating system. As windows is a popular operating system, it has a lot of viruses also. But windows provides various tools for removing these viruses. For removing any unwanted program, windows safe mode is a best option. A popular way to open windows safe mode is windows Advanced Boot Options. Advanced Boot Options provides different run levels for windows users so [...]
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6 Best VPN Providers to Consider in 2022 | October 19, 2021
There are many VPN providers on the market. It can be difficult to know which one is best for you, but luckily we have compiled a list of six of the best! Get ready for our top picks. What is a VPN? A VPN, or virtual private network, hides and encodes your internet traffic so that you can surf the web more securely. By doing so, it protects your data from hackers and prying eyes. Think of a VPN as [...]
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How to Properly Downgrade MikroTik RouterOS and Firmware | October 2, 2019
MikroTik RouterOS is in constant development and new features or bug fixes are frequently available, sometimes even monthly. So, it is always recommend upgrading MikroTik RouterOS to a latest and stable version before beginning any configuration. But sometimes you may face that the upgraded version is not working properly according to your demand or you may upgrade to a new version that you don’t want. In this case, you should come back to your workable RouterOS version and firmware. Upgrading RouterOS [...]
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MikroTik Router First Time Startup and Setup using WebFig | April 17, 2018
I guess, you have purchased a new MikroTik Router or installed a new MikroTik RouterOS on PC and you are searching How to Start MikroTik Router First Time and How to Complete Basic RouterOS Configuration using WebFig (Web Interface) for running a basic network. If these are your concern, don’t worry, in this article I will show how to startup your MikroTik Router first time and complete RouterOS basic configuration using WebFig web interface so easily. There are three methods [...]
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Apache2 Web Server HTTPS Configuration on Ubuntu Server | August 15, 2021
Data transmission between web server and web client over port 80 (HTTP) is not encrypted. So, any middle man between web server and web client can view transmitted data and can steal secret information. To overcome this limitation, HTTPS Protocol over port 443 has been introduced. HTTPS is a secure web server that is configured with SSL/TLS certificate. TLS (Transport Layer Security) and its predecessor SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) are web protocols used to wrap normal traffic in a protected, [...]
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Latest Google Chrome Free Download and Install | August 23, 2015
Google Chrome is one of the most popular web browsers to any online user. Google Chrome is a free application by Google. So, you can download and install Google Chrome in your operating system at any time. Google Chrome is too easy to use and bug is so less. Google Chrome has an awesome look and a lot of functionalities which help to use Google Chrome so easily. It is said that any online user cannot go a single day without Google [...]
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How to Install MikroTik CHR on VMware Workstation | September 9, 2019
MikroTik is found both RouterBoard where RouterOS and License are prebuilt and RouterOS Application that can be installed on a Physical Machine or Virtual Machine. RouterOS installation on Physical or Virtual Machine has license limitations. Full RouterOS packages cannot be used more than 24 hours without license. So, RouterOS application is not suitable for the Trainee or not suitable to RND purpose. From RouterOS v6.34, MikroTik introduces Cloud Hosted Router (CHR, a new RouterOS version) which has different licensing scheme. [...]
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How to Block MAC Address in MikroTik RouterOS 7 | July 11, 2024
MikroTik RouterOS 7 by default allows any MAC address to get internet connection through it. But we may need to block some MAC addresses sometimes. There are three methods to block MAC address in MikroTik RouterOS 7 – Blocking MAC Address using Bridge Filter Rule. Blocking MAC Address using Firewall Filter Rule and Blocking MAC Address from DHCP Lease. We can use any of these methods if we want to block MAC Address in MikroTik Router. In this article, we [...]
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