gre tunnel basics
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Configuration with ECMP Load Balancing | September 4, 2021
MikroTik Hotspot is one of the most popular services in MikroTik RouterOS and day be day the demand of Hotspot service is increasing. MikroTik Hotspot can be used in any Airport, Hotel, Restaurant, Campus, Camp, Office or any ISP network. It is also possible to establish a WiFi Broadband Network with the MikroTik Hotspot service. How to configure MikroTik Hotspot was discussed in one of my previous articles. Although MikroTik Hotspot configuration is not so difficult but sometimes we face [...]
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DNS Server Configuration on CentOS 7 (Caching DNS with BIND) | June 24, 2019
DNS (Domain Name System) Server is an essential part to any computer network. Today web communication cannot imagine without DNS Server. DNS is a client server protocol where DNS Client requests for the domain name resolution and DNS Server response on it. Every network should have a DNS Server because local DNS Server improves network performance by caching DNS information and serving DNS request locally. DNS Server can be configured either Windows or Linux operating system. In this article, I [...]
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Create System Restore Point in Windows OS | August 27, 2015
System Restore utility in windows operating system helps a windows user to take one or more snapshots of his/her windows system when windows operating system is working well. If any system crash occurs in future due to virus attack or critical system update or any unwanted program, the system can be reverted to its previous snapshot when windows OS was working well. So, System Restore utility in windows operating system is a very helpful service for windows users to protect [...]
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The Importance of Digital Literacy Training in Today’s Tech-Driven World | May 19, 2025
Summary Digital literacy is an essential skill that enables people to participate in contemporary life and work because it influences educational and employment opportunities, communication methods, and civic participation. Basic computer skills and responsibility are joined by critical thinking capabilities, which lead to proper media evaluation techniques as components of digital literacy. Internet access alone does not effectively utilize digital tools since individuals need proper training to harness digital tools effectively. Organizations, including governments, educational institutions, and companies, dedicate funds [...]
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How to Assign Static IP Address in Windows OS | September 16, 2015
Communication between one computer to another computer or server is established with IP addresses. Without IP address no communication is possible in computer network. An Internet Protocol (IP) Address is a numerical value or label assigned to each electronic device (e.g., computer, smartphone and printer) which uses Internet Protocol for communication. IP can be assigned both dynamically and statically on a IP devices. Dynamic IP is assigned by a DHCP server. If a DHCP server is present in a network, [...]
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MikroTik User Manager Installation and Basic Configuration | December 15, 2019
MikroTik User Manager is a RADIUS application developed by MikroTik team and can be used without charge. User Manager is used for authentication, authorization and accounting of MikroTik RouterOS, PPPoE, Hotspot, DHCP and Wireless users. Although User Manager Package is developed by MikroTik it will not be found in RouterOS by default. So, we have to install User Manager Package manually if we wish to use this RADIUS application. User Manager can be installed on MikroTik RouterBOARD, MikroTik CHR or [...]
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MikroTik Hardware Redundancy with VRRP | October 8, 2018
MikroTik VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) ensures high availability internet network. If any organization requires uninterrupted internet connection, MikroTik VRRP implementation will be a vital solution for them. MikroTik VRRP creates a virtual router accumulating two or more physical routers and ensures uninterrupted internet connection keeping activate one physical router always. That means, if any physical router fails to operate due to any hardware failure, MikroTik VRRP uses another backup router for internet gateway until the running router comes back [...]
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Reset Mozilla Firefox to Default Settings | August 26, 2015
Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser developed Mozilla Corporation. Mozilla Firefox is available for most of the popular operating system like Windows, macOS and Linux operating system. It is also a default web browser in Linux operating system. Mozilla Firefox is a popular web browser to any online user. It is said that no online user can go a single day without this Browser. I am also a fan of Mozilla Firefox browser and using this [...]
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