gre tunnel basics
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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MikroTik Router Integration and Configuration on GNS3 | September 19, 2018
GNS3 is a network simulator software used by hundreds of thousands of network engineers worldwide to emulate, configure, test and troubleshoot virtual and real networks. GNS3 can talk a large number of network vendors including MikroTik. MikroTik introduces Cloud Hosted Router (a RouterOS version) that is used to run as virtual machine and a virtual machine can easily be integrated with GNS3. So, network administrators who are fond of MikroTik Router can now configure, test and troubleshoot their MikroTik network [...]
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MikroTik Radius Configuration with FreeRADIUS | December 7, 2018
FreeRADIUS is a high performance RADIUS suite that provides authentication, authorization and accounting facility for a large number of network devices including MikroTik Router. Although MikroTik has user manager RADIUS service to provide authentication, authorization and accounting facility but it is not free for customization and not suitable for medium to large organization. On the other hand, freeRADIUS is free for customization according to your organization requirements. But freeRADIUS has to be customized by you. In my previous article, I [...]
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CentOS 8 Installation with Screenshots (Server with GUI) | November 21, 2020
Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Red Hat Linux is used as enterprise Linux. Red Hat is also known as Red Hat commercial Linux that means Red Hat is a paid service program. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is another Linux distribution that provides a free and open source, enterprise-class, community-supported server platform functionally compatible with [...]
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Create System Restore Point in Windows OS | August 27, 2015
System Restore utility in windows operating system helps a windows user to take one or more snapshots of his/her windows system when windows operating system is working well. If any system crash occurs in future due to virus attack or critical system update or any unwanted program, the system can be reverted to its previous snapshot when windows OS was working well. So, System Restore utility in windows operating system is a very helpful service for windows users to protect [...]
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Hardening MikroTik RouterOS by Limiting Login Services | February 6, 2021
MikroTik RouterOS is usually used as a bridge between WAN and LAN network. WAN network is always an insecure network because attackers always try to hack your RouterOS so that they can compromise it for their own benefit. As a network administrator of MikroTik RouterOS, we should always take anti hacking steps to secure our MikroTik RouterOS. There are a lot of security tasks those we should take care to secure our MikroTik RouterOS. Among these security tasks, we will [...]
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NGINX and PHP-FPM: A High-Performance Web Hosting Duo | September 26, 2024
When it comes to hosting high-performance websites or web applications, Nginx and PHP-FPM are often paired together due to their complementary capabilities. NGINX is a highly efficient web server which works seamlessly with PHP-FPM. PHP-FPM is a FastCGI Process Manager for PHP that is used to deliver fast, reliable, and scalable solutions for dynamic content. What is Nginx? Nginx (pronounced as “engine-ex”) is a lightweight, high-performance web server that is widely used for serving static content, load balancing and reverse [...]
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Troubleshooting Common Issues with Security Cameras in MikroTik Networks | February 7, 2025
30 Seconds Summary When fixing security cameras on MikroTik networks, you might see issues like bad video quality, connections dropping, motion detection not working, and security weaknesses. These problems can happen because of not enough internet speed, network congestion, IP conflicts, old software, or weak security. To fix these, make sure you have enough internet speed, set up the IP settings correctly, give camera traffic priority, and update the software regularly. Also, protect the cameras with strong passwords and encryption. [...]
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Virtual Web Hosting with Apache on CentOS 7 (Name Based) | July 15, 2019
Virtual Hosting is a method of hosting multiple domains on single server. If you have multiple domains (such as domain1.com, domain2.com and so on) and want to host on a webserver, Virtual Web Hosting is your right choice. Apache web server provides an easy way to manage Virtual Hosting. Virtual Hosting can be either Name Based or IP Based. In Name Based Virtual Hosting, multiple domains can be hosted on single IP address. On the other hand, in IP Based [...]
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