gre tunnel basics
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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CentOS 8 Networking Configuration Using nmtui Tool | December 14, 2020
The first task after completing CentOS 8 fresh installation is to configure its networking so that it can be accessed from other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 8 Graphical User Interface (GNOME Desktop) with step by step screenshots. If you are a new CentOS 8 user and have not yet installed CentOS 8 on your server machine, feel free to follow that article and install CentOS 8 GNOME Desktop according to the article. [...]
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How to Install MikroTik CHR on VMware Workstation | September 9, 2019
MikroTik is found both RouterBoard where RouterOS and License are prebuilt and RouterOS Application that can be installed on a Physical Machine or Virtual Machine. RouterOS installation on Physical or Virtual Machine has license limitations. Full RouterOS packages cannot be used more than 24 hours without license. So, RouterOS application is not suitable for the Trainee or not suitable to RND purpose. From RouterOS v6.34, MikroTik introduces Cloud Hosted Router (CHR, a new RouterOS version) which has different licensing scheme. [...]
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CentOS 7.5 Installation Step by Step with GUI (GNOME Desktop) | August 15, 2018
Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Red Hat Linux is used as enterprise Linux. Red Hat is also known as Red Hat commercial Linux that means Red Hat is a paid service program. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is another Linux distribution that provides a free and open source, enterprise-class, community-supported server platform functionally compatible with [...]
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How to Block MAC Address in MikroTik RouterOS 7 | July 11, 2024
MikroTik RouterOS 7 by default allows any MAC address to get internet connection through it. But we may need to block some MAC addresses sometimes. There are three methods to block MAC address in MikroTik RouterOS 7 – Blocking MAC Address using Bridge Filter Rule. Blocking MAC Address using Firewall Filter Rule and Blocking MAC Address from DHCP Lease. We can use any of these methods if we want to block MAC Address in MikroTik Router. In this article, we [...]
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LVM Management in CentOS/Red Hat 7 Linux | March 15, 2019
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is the recommended partition method for CentOS/Red Hat 7 Linux. Specially, if we work on Mail Server, File Server, FTP Server, Web Proxy Server or any application where disk space changes frequently, the LVM partition is mandatory in this case. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 with LVM partitioning. If you are new here or CentOS 7 is not yet installed, I will suggest you to follow my previous article and [...]
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How to Customize MikroTik Hotspot Login Page | September 12, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome service that can be customized according to any organization need. MikroTik Hotspot is able to authenticate and authorize network users so easily. Besides premium Hotspot service, it can also be used as a public Hotspot network. Although public network is a free network service, it can be a better source of income by serving ads. As no user can get internet access without visiting Hotspot login page, the login page is main space for serving [...]
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Port Based Apache Virtual Hosting on RHEL 7 | July 26, 2019
Virtual Hosting is a method of hosting multiple domains on single web server. If you have multiple domains (such as domain1.com, domain2.com and so on) and want to host on single web server, Virtual Hosting is your right choice. Apache web server provides an easy way to manage Virtual Hosting. Virtual Hosting can be Name Based, IP Based or Port Based. In Name Based Virtual Hosting, multiple domains can be hosted on single Server and single IP address. On the [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Login by MAC Cookie Configuration | July 10, 2020
MAC Cookie is a newly introduced Hotspot feature in MikroTik Router. MAC Cookie is specially designed to improve accessibility for smartphones, laptop and other mobile devices. MAC Cookie is not a basic login method rather it is an extension of basic Hotspot login method such as HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS. So, when MAC Cookie is used with these basic Hotspot login methods, it improves the Hotspot user accessibility. In my previous article, I discussed MikroTik Hotspot basic configuration [...]
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