gre tunnel explained
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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Firewalld Installation and Configuration in Ubuntu Server | May 5, 2022
Firewalld is an awesome host based firewall management tool for Linux Operating System. Firewalld has developed on Fedora but it is now available for almost all Linux distributions. So, Firewalld can be installed in Ubuntu Server although Ubuntu Server has UFW as the default firewall system. Firewalld is more robust and easy to maintain than UFW, I think. So, I am going to discuss how to install and configure Firewalld in Ubuntu Server. Installing Firewalld in Ubuntu Server By default [...]
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MikroTik VPN Configuration with PPTP (Connecting Remote Client) | August 17, 2016
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that extends private network across a public network. It enables private network users to send and receive data across public network as if their network devices were directly connected to the private network. There are many VPN services in MikroTik RouterOS 7. Among them, MikroTik PPTP is a mostly used VPN service. It is a client-server VPN technology. So, a user can access server, printer, IP phone and any other network devices of [...]
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WireGuard Site to Site VPN Between MikroTik RouterOS 7 | September 29, 2022
WireGuard is a free, open source, secure and high-speed modern VPN solution. WireGuard is extremely easy to implement but utilizes state-of-the-art cryptography. WireGuard can be used as either Client-Server VPN technology or Site to Site VPN technology. From the RouterOS 7, MikroTik introduces WireGuard VPN as their native package. So, who are using RouterOS 7 can use WireGuard VPN and can implement both client-server and site to site VPN with WireGuard free VPN server. In my previous article, I discussed [...]
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User Management in Linux (Red Hat/CentOS) | September 28, 2017
User management is an important part of Linux (especially Red Hat Enterprise Linux) system administration. Linux users can be administrated using user or group administration GUI (Graphical User Interface) tool as well as through Red Hat/CentOS Linux command prompt. But I will always suggest you to do command line user administration as much as possible because in production GUI will not be provided always. Many people who are learning Linux administration do not know all features of user administration command [...]
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How to Backup and Restore Mozilla Firefox Bookmarks | August 13, 2015
Bookmark is one of the most important and useful features in Mozilla Firefox Browser. If Bookmark is lost, Firefox users become very anxiety to recover it. But Mozilla Firefox also provides a tool to backup and restore Bookmarks so easily. So don’t need to be worried. If you know the proper steps about how to take a backup of your bookmark file and how to restore that bookmark backup file again, it will be very beneficial for you. So, this [...]
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MikroTik WiFi Frequency Band and Channel Width Explanation | January 10, 2020
MikroTik WiFi frequency, band and channel width tuning is an important task in any wireless network. If we fail to setup WiFi frequency and channel width parameter properly, we will notice a poor performance of wireless network. WiFi is aimed at use within unlicensed spectrum and the unlicensed spectrum that is usually used for WiFi is 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band. 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands have multiple channels and these channels must be setup properly to get [...]
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CentOS 7 Network Configuration Using nmtui Tool | August 27, 2018
After completing CentOS 7 fresh installation, the first task to a system administrator is to configure its network so that it can communicate to other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 GUI (GNOME Desktop) step by step. If you are a new CentOS 7 user and yet you have not installed CentOS 7.5 on your server machine, feel free to study my previous article and install CentOS 7.5 GNOME Desktop according to that [...]
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How to Block WiFi Access although Password is Known | April 23, 2024
We usually get internet connection from any ISP and buy any WiFi Router and then configure wireless/AP with password and configure DHCP Server to get connection from own WiFi devices. We use these WiFi Routers/APs at home, office, workspace or any other public places. Usually, we get connected to our WiFi using our provided WiFi password. Initially there will be no problem to keep your network safe using password authentication. But day by day your password will be known by [...]
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MikroTik L2TP/IPsec VPN Configuration (Connecting Remote Client) | February 26, 2018
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network and using this VPN tunnel a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik L2TP server is one of the most popular VPN services. It provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across public network for transporting IP traffic using PPP. L2TP/IPsec is more secure [...]
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