gre tunnel explained
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MikroTik Site to Site GRE Tunnel Configuration with IPsec
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN tunnel. GRE tunneling protocol which can encapsulate a wide variety of protocols creating a virtual point-to-point link was originally developed by Cisco. GRE is a stateless tunnel like EoIP and IPIP. That means if the remote end of the tunnel goes down, all traffic that was routed over the tunnels will get blackholed. To solve this problem, RouterOS have added ‘keepalive’ feature for GRE tunnels. By default keepalive is set to 10 seconds and 10 retries. GRE adds an outer header mentioning the entry point of the tunnel (SourceIP) and the exit point of the tunnel (DestinationIP) but the inner packet is kept unmodified. GRE tunnel only encapsulates IP packets but does not provide authentication and encryption. GRE tunnel with IPsec ensures IP packet encapsulation as well as authentication and encryption. IPsec usage makes your packets secure but [...]
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How to Create Gmail Account Successfully | August 17, 2015
Email is the heart of any business communication today. Not only enterprise companies but also our personal life’s activities are mostly depended on email. So, every person should have an email account today. There are many online companies (such as Gmail, Yahoo and Hotmail) who are providing free email services for any online users. Among these online companies, Gmail is the most popular free email service by Google with 15 GB free storage facility. Gmail has huge features to maintain [...]
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Red Hat/CentOS 7 Linux Installation (Minimal Packages) | April 18, 2017
Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Red Hat Linux is used as enterprise Linux. Red Hat is also known as Red Hat commercial Linux that means Red Hat is a paid service program. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is another Linux distribution that provides a free and open source, enterprise-class, community-supported server platform functionally [...]
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FreeRADIUS MySQL Database GUI with phpMyAdmin on CentOS 7 | January 30, 2019
FreeRADIUS is a high performance RADIUS Server that accepts a large number of networking devices as RADIUS Client including MikroTik Router. MySQL is one of the best user sources for freeRADIUS server. In my previous article, I discussed how to install freeRADIUS server on CentOS 7 and how to integrate MySQL module with freeRADIUS server. I also discussed how to create user group and profile in MySQL database server and authenticate MikroTik PPPoE client with MySQL database user. I used [...]
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How to Create Free SSL/TLS Certificate with OpenSSL | July 23, 2021
SSL/TLS certificate is required to encrypt data sent over internet communication. Without encryption, the sent data can be hacked by the middle man attack. SSL/TLS certificate is usually a pair key, public key and private key, solution where data is encrypted with public key and decrypted with private key. In public communication, public key is required to be signed by a CA (certificate authority) but in private communication, there is no need to be signed by any CA. If we [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS Redirect with Free SSL Certificate | June 21, 2020
SSL Certificate is required to enable HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect in MikroTik Hotspot. In one of my last articles I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS redirect and HTTPS login with MikroTik self-signed certificate. But self-signed certificate is not trusted by operating system. So, we get the following two issues if we configure HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect with self-signed certificate. Ask to proceed unsafe site: As browsers cannot trust self-signed certificate, it shows a warning message and [...]
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MikroTik Blocking All Websites Except a Few Websites | May 7, 2019
A few days ago, someone asked me how to block all websites except one with MikroTik Firewall. For this, I have decided to discuss about blocking all websites except someone’s whitelist. Unlike firewall devices, MikroTik Firewall by default allows all websites. So, if you need to block any website, you have to create a firewall rule that will block the specific website. Now if we want to block all websites and want to allow a few websites, we have to [...]
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MikroTik CAPsMAN and CAP Basic Configuration using Winbox | February 20, 2020
MikroTik CAPsMAN (Controlled Access Point system Manager) is a centralized Access Point management application provided by MikroTik. MikroTik introduces CAPsMAN from RouterOS v6.11 with CAPsMAN v1 and from RouterOS v6.22rc7 CAPsMAN v2 is running. If you have multiple MikroTik CAPs (Controlled Access Point) in your organization, CAPsMAN provides an easy way to maintain client data as well as CAPs configuration centrally. In my previous article, I discussed how to configure MikroTik Wireless Router as an Access Point. In this article, [...]
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CentOS 8 Networking Configuration Using Cockpit Web Console | January 11, 2021
The first task after completing CentOS 8 fresh installation is to configure its networking so that it can be accessed from other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 8 Graphical User Interface (GNOME Desktop) with step by step screenshots. If you are a new CentOS 8 user and have not yet installed CentOS 8 on your server machine, feel free to follow that article and install CentOS 8 GNOME Desktop according to the article. [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Free Trial Internet Setup | August 14, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome Hotspot internet solution. It has a lot of features to customize any Hotspot service. Sometimes we may require providing free trial internet in a Hotspot service. MikroTik Hotspot provides easy solution to provide free trial internet to the new user before going to paid version. In my previous article I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot using Winbox. In this article I will discuss how to configure free trial internet in MikroTik Hotspot Server. Free [...]
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