network bandwidth calculation formula

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  • Network Bandwidth and Throughput

    Bandwidth and Throughput are two important basic networking terms in computer network. If you wish to be an expert network administrator, you must have better understanding about these two networking terms. As a network user, you should also have better understanding about network bandwidth and throughput so that you can get maximum output from your network service provider. In this article, I will explain about network bandwidth and throughput from very beginning. I hope, this article will enrich your networking concept. What are Bandwidth and Throughput? Bandwidth In computer network, bandwidth is defined as the maximum number of bits that can flow through a network connection in a given period of time. The fundamental unit of network bandwidth is bits per second (bps). An ISP network connection that specified a bandwidth of 1Mbps means that in one second, maximum 100000 bits can be transferred across this connection. The term bandwidth is normally used in internet broadband subscription plan. Normally a higher bandwidth subscription plan will cost more than that of a lower bandwidth subscription plan. One thing to note is that even if you are subscribing a 1Mbps internet broadband plan, you may not get the full 1Mbps bandwidth when [...]

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    CentOS 7 Network Configuration Using nmtui Tool |   August 27, 2018

    After completing CentOS 7 fresh installation, the first task to a system administrator is to configure its network so that it can communicate to other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 GUI (GNOME Desktop) step by step. If you are a new CentOS 7 user and yet you have not installed CentOS 7.5 on your server machine, feel free to study my previous article and install CentOS 7.5 GNOME Desktop according to that [...]

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    FreeRADIUS Installation and Basic Configuration on CentOS 7 |   November 28, 2018

    FreeRADIUS is a modular, high performance and highly customizable open source RADIUS server. Anyone can use FreeRADIUS without any charge and can customize his RADIUS server according to his organizational requirements. In my previous article, I discussed how to install and configure user manager RADIUS server developed by MikroTik. The main disadvantage of user manager RADIUS server is ‘it is not customizable and not suitable for medium or large organization’. On the other hand, FreeRADIUS is giving facility to customize [...]

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    MikroTik Site to Site VPN Configuration with IPsec |   March 8, 2018

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using this VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Site to Site VPN technique establishes a secure tunnel between two routers across public network and local networks of these routers can send and receive data through this VPN tunnel. MikroTik RouterOS [...]

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    MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS Redirect with Free SSL Certificate |   June 21, 2020

    SSL Certificate is required to enable HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect in MikroTik Hotspot. In one of my last articles I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS redirect and HTTPS login with MikroTik self-signed certificate. But self-signed certificate is not trusted by operating system. So, we get the following two issues if we configure HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect with self-signed certificate. Ask to proceed unsafe site: As browsers cannot trust self-signed certificate, it shows a warning message and [...]

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    MikroTik RouterOS User Authentication via RADIUS Server |   November 19, 2017

    MikroTik RouterOS has a strong local user database that is enough to manage a single MikroTik RouterOS user. But if your network has more than one MikroTik Routers, it is always better to use a RADIUS server to manage RouterOS user centrally. MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is a centralized user authentication and accounting application that gives the ISP Company or network administrator ability to manage not only RouterOS users but also PPP, Hotspot, DHCP and Wireless users. How to [...]

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    MikroTik User Management (RouterOS User) |   October 22, 2017

    MikroTik User Management plays an important role in MikroTik system administration as well as MikroTik security. Don’t be confused the title User Management with the MikroTik UserManager. UserManager is an optional and totally separate package distributed by MikroTik. UserManager is an implementation of Radius server that is used to maintain not only RouterOS users but also PPPoE, PPTP, Hotspot, Wireless and DHCP users. In my few future articles, I will discuss how to maintain these users with MikroTik UserManager Radius [...]

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    MikroTik Hotspot Login by HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS |   July 25, 2020

    MikroTik Hotspot uses various types of login methods. Among these login methods HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS are basic and important login methods. So, a MikroTik system administrator should have proper understanding on Hotspot HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS login methods. In my previous article I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot using Winbox. In this article I will discuss how to use HTTP CHAP, HTTP PAP and HTTPS login methods properly in MikroTik Hotspot Server. MikroTik Hotspot [...]

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    Securing MikroTik Router with Port Knocking |   March 21, 2021

    MikroTik Port Knocking strategy helps to protect MikroTik Router from hackers and unauthorized access as well as enhances MikroTik RouterOS security.

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    Web Server Configuration in Linux with Apache, MariaDB and PHP |   January 2, 2018

    Web Server is one of the most important and most used servers today. Without web server internet cannot imagine. Even, the article you are reading is also served by a web server. So, having web server configuration knowledge is beneficial for you, I think. A web server is responsible to serve HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) contents such as text, image, audio, video etc. to its clients. A lot of web servers are present today such as Apache, IIS, Nginx and [...]

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