networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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MikroTik Winbox 4: New, Fast and Simple RouterOS GUI | September 16, 2024
MikroTik Winbox 4 is a new era of MikroTik network management. Winbox 4 is a new, fast and simple RouterOS GUI. Winbox 4 has a modern and intuitive Graphical User Interface which is preferred and loved by the MikroTik network engineer to manage RouterOS. MikroTik Winbox 4 is now available for download and can be download for Windows, Linux and macOS. Winbox 4 has new features which was absent in previous Winbox version. In this article, we will see how [...]
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MikroTik Load Balancing and Link Redundancy with PBR | March 31, 2019
In computer networking, the Load Balancing technique is used to send network traffic over multiple gateways. If you have multiple ISP connections available, you can use load balancing technique to establish a stable network. You may now ask, why will I use multiple ISP connections? What are the benefits to use multiple ISP connections in my network? For your satisfaction, the following points are some reasons to use load balancing technique in your network. No ISP can give you 100% [...]
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How to Block VPN Access with MikroTik Router | May 14, 2019
Sometimes system administrators create firewall rule to block unwanted websites. But VPN apps break these firewall rules and allow access to unwanted websites. For example, if Facebook is blocked with MikroTik Firewall and any expert user installs and enables VPN apps (such as OpenVPN, Hotspot Shield, ProtonVPN, NordVPN, PureVPN etc.), he can easily get access to Facebook. So, system administrators should also block popular VPN apps so that user cannot use those VPN servers. Blocking VPN apps is not so [...]
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MikroTik RouterOS User Authentication via RADIUS Server | November 19, 2017
MikroTik RouterOS has a strong local user database that is enough to manage a single MikroTik RouterOS user. But if your network has more than one MikroTik Routers, it is always better to use a RADIUS server to manage RouterOS user centrally. MikroTik User Manager RADIUS Server is a centralized user authentication and accounting application that gives the ISP Company or network administrator ability to manage not only RouterOS users but also PPP, Hotspot, DHCP and Wireless users. How to [...]
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VMware ESXi 7.0 Installation and Basic Configuration | December 1, 2020
VMware vSphere is the pioneer in virtualization world. No other virtualization software is as feature rich as VMware vSphere. More than 500,000 enterprise data center are now using VMware vSphere. It is expected that most of the data center will be turned into virtualization in near future. As VMware vSphere provides more feature than any other virtualization software, it is also expected that demand of VMware vSphere will increase day by day. VMware ESXi is the foundation of VMware vSphere [...]
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Latest Google Chrome Free Download and Install | August 23, 2015
Google Chrome is one of the most popular web browsers to any online user. Google Chrome is a free application by Google. So, you can download and install Google Chrome in your operating system at any time. Google Chrome is too easy to use and bug is so less. Google Chrome has an awesome look and a lot of functionalities which help to use Google Chrome so easily. It is said that any online user cannot go a single day without Google [...]
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Internet Content Filtering in MikroTik Router using OpenDNS | August 22, 2024
Internet content is always not safe for our work or home network. We always face malware, phishing and adult content which are harmful for office or home internet. Using web content filtering software, we can easily get rid of this harmful content. OpenDNS is a cloud-based internet content filtering solution that helps to keep our office or home internet free from malware, virus and adult content. Configuring Free OpenDNS Home Internet feature with our Home WiFi Router, we can easily [...]
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DHCP Server Configuration in MikroTik RouterOS 7 | October 14, 2015
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol. DHCP server automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) address and other related information such as subnet mask, default gateway and DNS to DHCP clients. DHCP server and client use UDP port 67 and 68 for communication. In a network, a DHCP client (IP devices such as Desktop, Laptop, Smartphone etc.) requests for an IP lease to DHCP servers and a DHCP server responses allocating IP address and other related IP information [...]
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