networking basic concepts

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  • What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work

    The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]

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    Computer Networking Basics |   February 10, 2017

    Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]

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    The Role of Computer Networking in Modern Surveillance and Security |   October 17, 2023

    In the present computerized age, computer networking is significant in ensuring modern surveillance and security frameworks are viable and productive. The progressions in innovation have prompted the improvement of innovative arrangements, for example, solar power cameras, that depend on computer networks to upgrade surveillance capacities. This article investigates the role of computer networking in modern surveillance and security frameworks, with a particular spotlight on integrating solar-powered cameras. What is Computer Networking? A computer network gathers interconnected hubs or computing gadgets that [...]

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    Ubuntu Web Server Configuration with phpMyAdmin (LAMP Stack) |   July 12, 2021

    Ubuntu Server is one of the most popular open source operating systems that can be used in production without any hassle. In my previous article, I discussed how to install Ubuntu Server with LVM partition. I also discussed how to assign static IP address on Ubuntu Server interface with Netplan network management tool. Ubuntu web server is a popular service because web developers usually use Ubuntu Server for their development project. Besides development project, Ubuntu web server can also be [...]

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    MikroTik IPIP Tunnel with IPsec (Site to Site VPN) |   March 18, 2018

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides IPIP tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN. IPIP tunnel is a simple protocol that encapsulates IP packets in IP to make a tunnel between two routers. To encapsulate [...]

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    MikroTik SSTP VPN Server Configuration with Windows 10 |   April 27, 2020

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. So, a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network through VPN tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) transports PPP tunnel over TLS channel. SSTP uses TLS channel over TCP port 443. So, SSTP VPN can virtually pass through all firewalls and proxy servers. Because of using TLS [...]

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    Why ISPs Should Embrace TR-069 ACS to Stay Ahead of Competitors |   May 22, 2023

    As the telecommunications industry becomes more competitive, local ISPs need to find ways to stay ahead of larger telcos and offer services that meet the changing demands of their customers. One of the solutions to this challenge is to implement TR-069 ACS server to help streamline network management, reduce costs, and increase efficiency. In this article, we’ll explore why the TR-069 ACS server is essential for medium-sized ISPs to stay competitive in today’s market. We’ll examine the challenges these ISPs [...]

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    How to Use Old Router as Range Extender to Boost WiFi Signal |   October 7, 2019

    WiFi is a technology to turn wired internet into WiFi internet and used in every home and office. Wireless internet gives you the freedom to use the internet without sitting in a single place. It is also true that speed performance drop in Wi-fi due to weak signal or interference. Sometimes laying a physical wired connection in every room is not possible. So Wi-Fi range extender setup helps you to boost signal strength. Instead of buying a new range extender [...]

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    MikroTik Hardware Redundancy with VRRP |   October 8, 2018

    MikroTik VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) ensures high availability internet network. If any organization requires uninterrupted internet connection, MikroTik VRRP implementation will be a vital solution for them. MikroTik VRRP creates a virtual router accumulating two or more physical routers and ensures uninterrupted internet connection keeping activate one physical router always. That means, if any physical router fails to operate due to any hardware failure, MikroTik VRRP uses another backup router for internet gateway until the running router comes back [...]

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    MikroTik Load Balancing and Link Redundancy with PBR |   March 31, 2019

    In computer networking, the Load Balancing technique is used to send network traffic over multiple gateways. If you have multiple ISP connections available, you can use load balancing technique to establish a stable network. You may now ask, why will I use multiple ISP connections? What are the benefits to use multiple ISP connections in my network? For your satisfaction, the following points are some reasons to use load balancing technique in your network. No ISP can give you 100% [...]

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