networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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User Management in Linux (Red Hat/CentOS) | September 28, 2017
User management is an important part of Linux (especially Red Hat Enterprise Linux) system administration. Linux users can be administrated using user or group administration GUI (Graphical User Interface) tool as well as through Red Hat/CentOS Linux command prompt. But I will always suggest you to do command line user administration as much as possible because in production GUI will not be provided always. Many people who are learning Linux administration do not know all features of user administration command [...]
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Internet Content Filtering in MikroTik Router using OpenDNS | August 22, 2024
Internet content is always not safe for our work or home network. We always face malware, phishing and adult content which are harmful for office or home internet. Using web content filtering software, we can easily get rid of this harmful content. OpenDNS is a cloud-based internet content filtering solution that helps to keep our office or home internet free from malware, virus and adult content. Configuring Free OpenDNS Home Internet feature with our Home WiFi Router, we can easily [...]
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PPPoE Server Configuration in MikroTik RouterOS 7 | December 2, 2023
MikroTik PPPoE is a client-server protocol and mostly used at the end ISP configuration where MikroTik RouterOS acts as a PPPoE Server and user’s WiFi Router acts as PPPoE client. MikroTik PPPoE Server can be used with MikroTik simple queue management. So, it helps to manage user’s bandwidth easily. People who are trying to do internet business should learn MikroTik PPPoE Server. Configuring PPPoE Server in MikroTik RouterOS 7 is so easy. If you have knowledge on basic RouterOS 7 [...]
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FreeRADIUS Installation and Basic Configuration on CentOS 7 | November 28, 2018
FreeRADIUS is a modular, high performance and highly customizable open source RADIUS server. Anyone can use FreeRADIUS without any charge and can customize his RADIUS server according to his organizational requirements. In my previous article, I discussed how to install and configure user manager RADIUS server developed by MikroTik. The main disadvantage of user manager RADIUS server is ‘it is not customizable and not suitable for medium or large organization’. On the other hand, FreeRADIUS is giving facility to customize [...]
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GNS3 Installation and Configuration Step by Step in Windows | September 14, 2018
GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator) is one of the most popular network simulator software used by hundreds of thousands of network engineers worldwide to emulate, configure, test and troubleshoot virtual and real networks. GNS3 supports a large number of vendors such as MikroTik, Cisco, Juniper, Windows, Linux and many other vendors. GNS3 can be installed on Windows, Linux and MAC Operating System. In this article, I will show how to download and install GNS3 application in Windows Operating System. I will [...]
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MikroTik Wireless AP Configuration with DHCP using Winbox | October 22, 2019
MikroTik Wireless Router is one of the most popular and stable WiFi Routers. WiFi Zone for an ISP or for an office or for a home can easily be configured with MikroTik WiFi Router. MikroTik has a lot of WiFi Routers that can be used as a WiFi Access Point (AP), a WiFi Station or a WiFi Repeater. MikroTik Wireless Router can also be used as both WiFi Station and WiFi AP simultaneously. The simple usage of MikroTik Wireless Router [...]
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CentOS 8 Networking Configuration Using Cockpit Web Console | January 11, 2021
The first task after completing CentOS 8 fresh installation is to configure its networking so that it can be accessed from other network devices. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 8 Graphical User Interface (GNOME Desktop) with step by step screenshots. If you are a new CentOS 8 user and have not yet installed CentOS 8 on your server machine, feel free to follow that article and install CentOS 8 GNOME Desktop according to the article. [...]
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Ubuntu Server 20.04 Installation with LVM | May 28, 2021
Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Ubuntu is one of the best stable Linux distributions. Ubuntu has both Desktop and Server distribution. Ubuntu Server is a high performance and stable enterprise Linux distribution and it can be easily used in production. Ubuntu Server has both community-support and well documentation. So, IT guys can use Ubuntu [...]
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