networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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DNS Server Configuration on CentOS 7 (Caching DNS with BIND) | June 24, 2019
DNS (Domain Name System) Server is an essential part to any computer network. Today web communication cannot imagine without DNS Server. DNS is a client server protocol where DNS Client requests for the domain name resolution and DNS Server response on it. Every network should have a DNS Server because local DNS Server improves network performance by caching DNS information and serving DNS request locally. DNS Server can be configured either Windows or Linux operating system. In this article, I [...]
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MikroTik Radius Configuration with FreeRADIUS and MySQL | December 18, 2018
FreeRADIUS is a modular RADIUS suite. A lot of modules such as Perl, python, MySQL etc. can be integrated with freeRADIUS to enrich freeRADIUS features. MySQL is one of the best user and client sources in freeRADIUS server. One of the important advantages of MySQL with freeRADIUS server is that MySQL can easily be controlled with a lot of programming languages including PHP. So, freeRADIUS users and their authentication, authorization and accounting can easily be controlled graphically using MySQL database [...]
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Free Web Content Filtering Software for Home Internet | August 10, 2024
We always want to keep safe our home or business internet from unwanted content. There are many internet content filtering softwares those can be used to filter internet content. Among these, OpenDNS is a Free Web Filtering Software used to keep safe home or business internet content. OpenDNS is a DNS based internet content filtering solution. If we use OpenDNS nameservers as DNS, it handles DNS request and filter Malware, Phishing and adult content related websites and denies access. Besides [...]
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MikroTik Backup and Restore Configuration using Winbox | July 31, 2018
Backup and Restore feature in MikroTik Router helps to recover router configuration when running router fails to operation due to hardware failure. If you have a backup copy of your failed router and purchase a new MikroTik Router and then upload and restore that backup file, you will get your running network without any hassle. MikroTik Backup file is also useful when you unfortunately forget your admin privilege user password. You can easily recover your forgotten password with backup file [...]
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Getting Started with Red Hat Linux | May 20, 2017
Red Hat Linux is an open source server operating system. Although open source Red Hat is a commercial Linux distribution. So, most of the Linux administrators use CentOS because CentOS is a free and open source, enterprise-class and community-supported server platform as well as it is functionally compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. In my previous article, I showed how to install CentOS 7 core packages in your server machine. Today I will introduce you with Red Hat Linux’s command [...]
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MikroTik Load Balancing with 2 PPPoE and 1 Static WAN using ECMP | September 24, 2019
ECMP provides almost 100% reliable load balancing and link redundancy solution. ECMP is a per connection load balancing where connection is marked with source and destination IP pair. In my previous article I discussed how to configure DUAL WAN load balancing with failover using ECMP method where WAN connections were static IP Addresses. But some ISP companies use PPPoE service for their client connection. So, some network administrators become confused to configure load balancing with PPPoE WAN connection because PPPoE [...]
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How to Get VMware ESXi Free License | November 5, 2021
You are here that means you are finding how to get ESXi free license because you have installed ESXi 6.7 or ESXi 7 and 60 days trial license has been expired and then all virtual machines have been powered off or you want to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. Whatever your requirement, it is a good news that VMware provides free license with some limitations to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. So, if you have a [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Configuration in RouterOS 7 | April 25, 2023
MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome service to run a captive portal network. You can run a public Wi-Fi network, Hotel Network, Airport network, CAMP Wi-Fi network, Shopping Mall Network and so on using MikroTik Hotspot and even can monetize your network for earning if you use Hotspot Billing Software like GalaxyRAD which is specially designed for MikroTik Hotspot network. GalaxyRAD helps to monetize your any network providing online payment gateway as well as integrating voucher-based system. It also helps to [...]
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