networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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MikroTik Blocking Websites with TLS Host Firewall Matcher | April 29, 2019
Most of the websites now use https and blocking https websites is so much harder with the MikroTik RouterOS version less than 6.41. But from RouterOS v6.41, MikroTik Firewall introduces a new property named TLS Host that is capable to match https websites so easily. So, blocking https websites like Facebook, YouTube etc. can be easily done with MikroTik Router if RouterOS version is greater than 6.41. In my previous article, I discussed how to block websites with MikroTik Router [...]
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Setting Google as Default Search Engine | September 30, 2015
Google is one of the most popular search engines to any online user. It is said that no online user cannot go a single day without Google search engine. Google search statistics shows that over 40,000 search queries are processed every second by Google. If you have any query about any subject, just type in Google search box and Google will show you billion of results related to your search query within less than a second. So, usually you will want [...]
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MikroTik Multiple SSID with Separate LAN and DHCP Server | October 30, 2019
One of the most amazing features of MikroTik Wireless Router is creating Multiple SSID (Virtual AP) on a physical wireless interface. So, creating a Guest WiFi AP with separate LAN block, SSID and DHCP Server is so easy using MikroTik WiFi AP Router. In the previous article, I discussed how to configure MikroTik WiFi Access Point on physical wireless interface with DHCP Server using hAP Lite (RB941-2nD) Wireless Router. In this article I will discuss how to configure a Virtual [...]
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Enable F8 Menu to Enter Safe Mode in Windows 8 & 10 | August 27, 2015
Windows is the most popular operating system in the world. No computer user can go a single day without windows operating system. As windows is a popular operating system, it has a lot of viruses also. But windows provides various tools for removing these viruses. For removing any unwanted program, windows safe mode is a best option. A popular way to open windows safe mode is windows Advanced Boot Options. Advanced Boot Options provides different run levels for windows users so [...]
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Port Based Apache Virtual Hosting on RHEL 7 | July 26, 2019
Virtual Hosting is a method of hosting multiple domains on single web server. If you have multiple domains (such as domain1.com, domain2.com and so on) and want to host on single web server, Virtual Hosting is your right choice. Apache web server provides an easy way to manage Virtual Hosting. Virtual Hosting can be Name Based, IP Based or Port Based. In Name Based Virtual Hosting, multiple domains can be hosted on single Server and single IP address. On the [...]
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CentOS 7.5 Installation with GUI and LVM Partition | March 7, 2019
Red Hat/CentOS Linux is a popular server operating system. Specially who work on mail server, web server, web proxy server, ftp server and file server are so familiar with the Red Hat/CentOS Linux. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 Linux step by step with the standard partition. But if you want to work on mail server, web proxy server, ftp server, file server or any other application where disk space changes frequently, the standard partitioning [...]
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Computer Network Topology Outline | September 12, 2017
The first thing that has to study about a network is its physical shape or design layout. It will be extremely important when a wiring scheme and design are selected for a new network installation. Actually Network Topology refers to physical shape or design layout of a network. Network topology determines how different nodes in a network are connected and how these nodes communicate to each other. Types of Computer Network Topology Network really has two shapes or two types [...]
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MikroTik VRRP Configuration with Load Sharing | November 19, 2018
MikroTik VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) ensures high availability internet network. If any organization requires uninterrupted internet connection, MikroTik VRRP implementation will be a vital solution for them. MikroTik VRRP creates a virtual router accumulating two or more physical routers and ensures uninterrupted internet connection keeping activate one physical router always. That means, if any physical router fails to operate due to any hardware failure, MikroTik VRRP uses another backup router for internet gateway until the running router comes back [...]
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