networking basic concepts
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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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MikroTik VPN Configuration with Site-to-Site PPTP | February 19, 2018
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network and using this VPN tunnel a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik PPTP is a popular client-server VPN service that provides a secure and encrypted link across public network. MikroTik PPTP can be applied in two methods. Connecting remote workstation/client: In this [...]
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How to Get VMware ESXi Free License | November 5, 2021
You are here that means you are finding how to get ESXi free license because you have installed ESXi 6.7 or ESXi 7 and 60 days trial license has been expired and then all virtual machines have been powered off or you want to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. Whatever your requirement, it is a good news that VMware provides free license with some limitations to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. So, if you have a [...]
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MikroTik Hotspot Customized Login Template | April 14, 2022
MikroTik Hotspot is a popular service which is used to manage ISP, Hotel, Restaurant, Airport, and Public WiFi. Using billing application like GalaxyRAD with MikroTik Hotspot, a WiFi network can manage professionally. MikroTik Hotspot loads a login page for new user authentication. So, this login page is a vital source for promoting your brands. The default login template provided by MikroTik Hotspot is a simple template which cannot fulfill branding requirements. But it is possible to customize the login template [...]
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MikroTik OpenVPN Configuration on TCP Port 443 with Windows OS | April 6, 2020
MikroTik OpenVPN is an amazing VPN solution. IT provides a secure and encrypted VPN tunnel across public network. Unlike PPTP and L2TP VPN Services which are poorly designed and can easily be blocked, OpenVPN can highly be customized and even can be run on so popular TCP Port 443. So, OpenVPN cannot easily be blocked. OpenVPN uses SSL/TLS Certificates. So, OpenVPN Tunnel is a trusted tunnel to send and receive data across public network. OpenVPN is a site to site [...]
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MikroTik Router First Time Startup and Setup using WebFig | April 17, 2018
I guess, you have purchased a new MikroTik Router or installed a new MikroTik RouterOS on PC and you are searching How to Start MikroTik Router First Time and How to Complete Basic RouterOS Configuration using WebFig (Web Interface) for running a basic network. If these are your concern, don’t worry, in this article I will show how to startup your MikroTik Router first time and complete RouterOS basic configuration using WebFig web interface so easily. There are three methods [...]
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Download YouTube Video with Firefox Add-ons | August 26, 2015
YouTube is the most popular video sharing website. Statistics shows that YouTube is the second popular website of the world. So, it is nothing to say that you are a YouTube fan like me. As a YouTube fan, sometimes you may need to download YouTube videos which you like. Although, you often get an extra bandwidth for YouTube video streaming from your ISP now a days so that you can watch your favorite YouTube video without any buffering. But it [...]
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How to Block Tor Browser with MikroTik Router | June 12, 2019
Tor Browser is an alternative to VPN and Web Proxy that breaks blocking firewall rule. If any user installs and uses Tor Browser, he/she can hide the public IP address of router and can unblock blocked websites applied on a network. So, administrators should block Tor Nodes along with other blocking firewall rule. In my previous article, I discussed how to block VPN and Proxy access with MikroTik Router and in this article I will discuss how to block Tor [...]
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How to Customize MikroTik Hotspot Login Page | September 12, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot is an awesome service that can be customized according to any organization need. MikroTik Hotspot is able to authenticate and authorize network users so easily. Besides premium Hotspot service, it can also be used as a public Hotspot network. Although public network is a free network service, it can be a better source of income by serving ads. As no user can get internet access without visiting Hotspot login page, the login page is main space for serving [...]
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