networking tutorials

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  • What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work

    The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]

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    Computer Networking Basics |   February 10, 2017

    Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]

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    Guest WiFi – How to Setup on MikroTik AP |   April 30, 2024

    Guest WiFi helps to keep your network safe and secure. Any sensitive wireless network should have a guest network. So, Guest WiFi is so essential for an office network. In a corporate office, guests or visitors frequently come and get connected to get internet for a few times. It is so much security issue to keep guest or visitor in the core network because among them someone can damage important network resources. So, to keep them isolated from the core [...]

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    How to Buy a Good WiFi Router for Home or Office |   October 12, 2021

    You are here because you want to buy a WiFi Router and want to know how to buy a good WiFi Router for your home or office or business. A lot of wireless routers are nowadays available in the market. But before buying a WiFi Router, you should know which one is a good WiFi Router for your need based on some features and specifications of the router. We will now see some key points those should have well understand [...]

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    Ubuntu Server Set Static IP Address with Netplan |   July 1, 2021

    Ubuntu Server is one of the most popular open source sever operating systems. Ubuntu Server can be used in production without any hassle. In my previous article, I discussed how to install Ubuntu Server’s latest version (Ubuntu Server 20.04) with LVM. In this article, we are going to see how to assign static IP address in Ubuntu Server with Netplan network management tool. Netplan Since Ubuntu Server 17.10, Netplan is being used as the default network management tool instead of [...]

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    How to Get VMware ESXi Free License |   November 5, 2021

    You are here that means you are finding how to get ESXi free license because you have installed ESXi 6.7 or ESXi 7 and 60 days trial license has been expired and then all virtual machines have been powered off or you want to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. Whatever your requirement, it is a good news that VMware provides free license with some limitations to use VMware ESXi absolutely free of charge. So, if you have a [...]

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    How to Block Free Proxy Access with MikroTik Router |   May 21, 2019

    Proxy Server is an alternative to VPN that breaks blocking firewall of a network. If any user uses free web proxy server with web browser, the web request is processed by the proxy server. So, blocking firewall rule is not applied on the proxy enabled PC. For this, system administrators should be careful enough to block free proxy servers along with blocking VPN access. In my previous article, I discussed how to block VPN access with MikroTik Firewall. In this [...]

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    How to Recover MikroTik User Password |   August 9, 2018

    MikroTik Wiki and Forum say that there is no way to recover MikroTik user password without losing MikroTik configuration. But if you have an unencrypted configuration file backup taken before, you will be able to recover your user password using MikroTik password recovery tools. How to Backup and Restore MikroTik configuration file manually was discussed in my previous article. I also discussed how to backup MikroTik configuration file automatically via Mail in another article and in this article I will [...]

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    Turn Computer into Wi-Fi Hotspot |   September 17, 2015

    Internet Connection Sharing is an awesome feature in windows operating system. Using this feature, you can turn your computer which has wireless network card integrated into Wi-Fi hotspot and share your internet connection with your friends or family members. Generally, each laptop has a wireless network card integrated by default. So, if you are a laptop user, you can turn your laptop into Wi-Fi hotspot so easily. If you are a Desktop user, you can also turn your desktop as [...]

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    MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS Redirect with Free SSL Certificate |   June 21, 2020

    SSL Certificate is required to enable HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect in MikroTik Hotspot. In one of my last articles I discussed how to configure MikroTik Hotspot HTTPS redirect and HTTPS login with MikroTik self-signed certificate. But self-signed certificate is not trusted by operating system. So, we get the following two issues if we configure HTTPS Login and HTTPS Redirect with self-signed certificate. Ask to proceed unsafe site: As browsers cannot trust self-signed certificate, it shows a warning message and [...]

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