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What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work
The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]
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Computer Networking Basics | February 10, 2017
Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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Essential Networking Skills for Job Seekers in IT industry | March 18, 2025
The Information Technology (IT) industry is one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving fields in the modern job market. With continuous advancements in technology, businesses are always on the lookout for skilled IT professionals who can adapt to new trends, troubleshoot complex systems, and enhance cybersecurity measures. However, technical knowledge alone is not enough to secure a job in the IT industry. One of the most critical factors in landing a job and advancing in an IT career is [...]
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Guest WiFi – How to Setup on MikroTik AP | April 30, 2024
Guest WiFi helps to keep your network safe and secure. Any sensitive wireless network should have a guest network. So, Guest WiFi is so essential for an office network. In a corporate office, guests or visitors frequently come and get connected to get internet for a few times. It is so much security issue to keep guest or visitor in the core network because among them someone can damage important network resources. So, to keep them isolated from the core [...]
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MikroTik DHCP Server Configuration with Radius Server | January 24, 2018
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client-server protocol that is used to assign an IP address and other network configuration parameters dynamically to each device on a network so that they can communicate with other IP networks. DHCP Server is popularly used in an Enterprise Office Network because in an office network various types of IP devices such as Laptop, Desktop, Tablet, Smartphone, IP Phone and so on are maintained and almost all IP devices support DHCP. An ISP Network can also be [...]
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MikroTik DNS Client and Caching DNS Server Configuration | April 7, 2019
Domain Name Server (DNS) is an essential part in a computer network. Today web communication cannot imagine without DNS. DNS is a client server protocol where DNS Client requests for the domain name resolution and DNS Server response on it. MikroTik Router has both DNS Client and DNS Server features. The DNS Client is used to resolve domain name to IP address from a DNS Server. On the other hand, the DNS Server feature provides domain name resolution for the [...]
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Managing Disk Partition with the parted Tool in CentOS 7 | March 2, 2019
As a system administrator, sometimes you may require to manage partitions of your CentOS/Red Hat Linux Operating System. Partition management is always a risky task. But there are some useful tools those are so helpful to manage CentOS/Red Hat Linux disk partition easily. In my previous article, I discussed how to manage CentOS/Red Hat 7 HDD partitions with the fdisk utility. The fdisk tool is only eligible to manage MBR partition table. But GPT partition table is now becoming more [...]
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How to Install VMware ESXi VMvisor on VMware Workstation | December 28, 2020
There is no doubt that VMware vSphere is the pioneer in virtualization world. Day by day IT infrastructure is converting to virtualization where VMware vSphere is providing more features than any other virtualization software. VMware ESXi is the foundation of VMware vSphere. VMware ESXi is a bare metal hypervisor. So, a physical server is required to install VMware ESXi. Physical servers are usually costly and beginners or researchers cannot always arrange such a high priced physical server to install ESXi [...]
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MikroTik Wireless AP Configuration with DHCP using Winbox | October 22, 2019
MikroTik Wireless Router is one of the most popular and stable WiFi Routers. WiFi Zone for an ISP or for an office or for a home can easily be configured with MikroTik WiFi Router. MikroTik has a lot of WiFi Routers that can be used as a WiFi Access Point (AP), a WiFi Station or a WiFi Repeater. MikroTik Wireless Router can also be used as both WiFi Station and WiFi AP simultaneously. The simple usage of MikroTik Wireless Router [...]
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