topology in networking
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Computer Network Topology Outline
The first thing that has to study about a network is its physical shape or design layout. It will be extremely important when a wiring scheme and design are selected for a new network installation. Actually Network Topology refers to physical shape or design layout of a network. Network topology determines how different nodes in a network are connected and how these nodes communicate to each other. Types of Computer Network Topology Network really has two shapes or two types of topology. Physical topology Logical topology Physical Topologies The physical topology is the physical shape or layout of the wires that can be visible in a network. The Physical topology defines how devices are interconnected with or without wires. Physical topology is further divided into two sections. Point-to-point connections Multipoint connections Point-to-point connections In a point-to-point connection, a communication link is established between two devices with one wire or air (in the case of wireless). A simple example of point-to- point connection is talking over telephone between two persons where anyone else is not allowed to use the phone on either side. Multipoint Connection Multiple devices or machines are involved in a multipoint connection. These devices mainly share cabling but [...]
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Unlocking Digital Opportunities: A Beginner’s Guide to Computer Networking | October 14, 2025
Summary Computer networking has created the digital world, enabling communication networks that unite various regions of the world and connect any device in some way or another. Networking provides new opportunities to secure employment, act as freelance workers, or even pursue volunteer work, which is why it is worth investing in for career development. Being practical should be valued even more than theory. Even after setting up a home lab, reviewing real projects, and consulting trusted sources, you will learn [...]
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Block Internet Access at a Certain Time in MikroTik RouterOS | August 1, 2024
We often find how to block or allow internet access at a certain time in our LAN network specially in WiFi network. Time based internet access is so useful for controlling Kids internet in any family or managing stuff internet accessibility in any office or other network. MikroTik RouterOS offers a feature named Kid Control to block internet access at a certain time. This feature is so useful for the parents or network engineers who want to block internet access [...]
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MikroTik SSTP VPN Server Configuration with Windows 10 | April 27, 2020
VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. So, a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network through VPN tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) transports PPP tunnel over TLS channel. SSTP uses TLS channel over TCP port 443. So, SSTP VPN can virtually pass through all firewalls and proxy servers. Because of using TLS [...]
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How to Recover MikroTik User Password | August 9, 2018
MikroTik Wiki and Forum say that there is no way to recover MikroTik user password without losing MikroTik configuration. But if you have an unencrypted configuration file backup taken before, you will be able to recover your user password using MikroTik password recovery tools. How to Backup and Restore MikroTik configuration file manually was discussed in my previous article. I also discussed how to backup MikroTik configuration file automatically via Mail in another article and in this article I will [...]
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MikroTik IPIP Tunnel with IPsec (Site to Site VPN) | March 18, 2018
VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure tunnel across a public network. A private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network using VPN Tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. MikroTik provides IPIP tunnel that is used to create a site to site VPN. IPIP tunnel is a simple protocol that encapsulates IP packets in IP to make a tunnel between two routers. To encapsulate [...]
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How to Install Extra Packages in MikroTik RouterOS | October 10, 2019
MikroTik RouterOS does not always include all the packages those are developed by MikroTik team. So, sometimes you may find that some packages are missing in your RouterOS such as NTP package, DUDE package, Wireless package, CAPsMAN package and so on. Specially, user manager package which is totally a separate MikroTik RADIUS package used to manage user authentication, authorization and accounting is always missing. Also upgrading RouterOS or downgrading RouterOS you may find that some packages are missing there. So, [...]
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How to Prevent Simultaneous User Login in MikroTik Hotspot | November 10, 2020
MikroTik Hotspot is a user based internet access system. Most of the user authentication and authorization can be controlled with MikroTik Hotspot. But sometimes some users misuse user based authentication system. Misusing simultaneous login is one of them. Usually we provide one username and password for a user and we expect he/she will use this username and password from only one device at a time. But it is also possible to use same username and password in multiple devices at [...]
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MikroTik User Manager Installation and Basic Configuration | December 15, 2019
MikroTik User Manager is a RADIUS application developed by MikroTik team and can be used without charge. User Manager is used for authentication, authorization and accounting of MikroTik RouterOS, PPPoE, Hotspot, DHCP and Wireless users. Although User Manager Package is developed by MikroTik it will not be found in RouterOS by default. So, we have to install User Manager Package manually if we wish to use this RADIUS application. User Manager can be installed on MikroTik RouterBOARD, MikroTik CHR or [...]
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MikroTik OpenVPN Configuration on TCP Port 443 with Windows OS | April 6, 2020
MikroTik OpenVPN is an amazing VPN solution. IT provides a secure and encrypted VPN tunnel across public network. Unlike PPTP and L2TP VPN Services which are poorly designed and can easily be blocked, OpenVPN can highly be customized and even can be run on so popular TCP Port 443. So, OpenVPN cannot easily be blocked. OpenVPN uses SSL/TLS Certificates. So, OpenVPN Tunnel is a trusted tunnel to send and receive data across public network. OpenVPN is a site to site [...]
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