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LVM Management in CentOS/Red Hat 7 Linux
LVM (Logical Volume Manager) is the recommended partition method for CentOS/Red Hat 7 Linux. Specially, if we work on Mail Server, File Server, FTP Server, Web Proxy Server or any application where disk space changes frequently, the LVM partition is mandatory in this case. In my previous article, I discussed how to install CentOS 7.5 with LVM partitioning. If you are new here or CentOS 7 is not yet installed, I will suggest you to follow my previous article and install CentOS 7 with LVM partitioning and then continue this article. In this article, I will discuss how to manage LVM partitioning in CentOS/ Red Hat 7 Linux with the command line utility. Basic Components and Architecture of LVM Before going to start LVM management with command line tool, we should have basic knowledge on the basic LVM terms and architecture. The following three terms are the basic components of the LVM partitioning. Physical Volume: The underlying physical storage unit of an LVM is a block device such as a partition of a disk or the whole disk. To use the block device for an LVM logical volume, the device must be initialized as a physical volume (PV). Volume Groups: [...]
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How to Properly Downgrade MikroTik RouterOS and Firmware | October 2, 2019
MikroTik RouterOS is in constant development and new features or bug fixes are frequently available, sometimes even monthly. So, it is always recommend upgrading MikroTik RouterOS to a latest and stable version before beginning any configuration. But sometimes you may face that the upgraded version is not working properly according to your demand or you may upgrade to a new version that you don’t want. In this case, you should come back to your workable RouterOS version and firmware. Upgrading RouterOS [...]
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Red Hat/CentOS 7 Linux Installation (Minimal Packages) | April 18, 2017
Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Red Hat Linux is used as enterprise Linux. Red Hat is also known as Red Hat commercial Linux that means Red Hat is a paid service program. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is another Linux distribution that provides a free and open source, enterprise-class, community-supported server platform functionally [...]
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How to Block Tor Browser with MikroTik Router | June 12, 2019
Tor Browser is an alternative to VPN and Web Proxy that breaks blocking firewall rule. If any user installs and uses Tor Browser, he/she can hide the public IP address of router and can unblock blocked websites applied on a network. So, administrators should block Tor Nodes along with other blocking firewall rule. In my previous article, I discussed how to block VPN and Proxy access with MikroTik Router and in this article I will discuss how to block Tor [...]
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MikroTik Load Balancing with 2 PPPoE and 1 Static WAN using ECMP | September 24, 2019
ECMP provides almost 100% reliable load balancing and link redundancy solution. ECMP is a per connection load balancing where connection is marked with source and destination IP pair. In my previous article I discussed how to configure DUAL WAN load balancing with failover using ECMP method where WAN connections were static IP Addresses. But some ISP companies use PPPoE service for their client connection. So, some network administrators become confused to configure load balancing with PPPoE WAN connection because PPPoE [...]
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MikroTik Site to Site SSTP VPN Setup with RouterOS Client | May 14, 2020
VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. So, a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network through VPN tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) transports PPP tunnel over TLS channel. SSTP uses TLS channel over TCP port 443. So, SSTP VPN can virtually pass through all firewalls and proxy servers. Because of using TLS [...]
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NGINX and PHP-FPM: A High-Performance Web Hosting Duo | September 26, 2024
When it comes to hosting high-performance websites or web applications, Nginx and PHP-FPM are often paired together due to their complementary capabilities. NGINX is a highly efficient web server which works seamlessly with PHP-FPM. PHP-FPM is a FastCGI Process Manager for PHP that is used to deliver fast, reliable, and scalable solutions for dynamic content. What is Nginx? Nginx (pronounced as “engine-ex”) is a lightweight, high-performance web server that is widely used for serving static content, load balancing and reverse [...]
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MikroTik VRRP Configuration with Load Sharing | November 19, 2018
MikroTik VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) ensures high availability internet network. If any organization requires uninterrupted internet connection, MikroTik VRRP implementation will be a vital solution for them. MikroTik VRRP creates a virtual router accumulating two or more physical routers and ensures uninterrupted internet connection keeping activate one physical router always. That means, if any physical router fails to operate due to any hardware failure, MikroTik VRRP uses another backup router for internet gateway until the running router comes back [...]
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MikroTik Unequal Dual WAN Load Balancing with Failover using ECMP | September 15, 2019
MikroTik Router is capable of doing Load Balancing with Failover over multiple gateways. Policy Based Routing, ECMP, PCC and NTH Load Balancing are the popular load balancing methods in MikroTik Router. Among these methods, ECMP is so easy to configure and provides almost 100% load balancing and link redundancy solution. In my previous article, I discussed how to configure Load Balancing and Link Redundancy using ECMP over two equal bandwidth gateways. ECMP method is also capable of doing load balancing [...]
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Enable F8 Menu to Enter Safe Mode in Windows 8 & 10 | August 27, 2015
Windows is the most popular operating system in the world. No computer user can go a single day without windows operating system. As windows is a popular operating system, it has a lot of viruses also. But windows provides various tools for removing these viruses. For removing any unwanted program, windows safe mode is a best option. A popular way to open windows safe mode is windows Advanced Boot Options. Advanced Boot Options provides different run levels for windows users so [...]
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