networking tutorials

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  • What Are the 7 Layers of OSI Model and How Do They Work

    The OSI Model stands for Open Systems Interconnection Model, a conceptualized framework used to describe the seven layers of a telecommunication system or network. It was established as an international standard in the year 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization. This model helps visualize how networks operate and is still used today to figure out and solve network problems, such as by a web development company. In this article, we will talk about the 7 layers of the OSI Model and how each of them work. Layer 1 – Physical Layer The physical layer concerns the part of the model used for transmitting raw data bits (0s and 1s) across the network between sending and receiving devices. This can be through a physical cable or even a wireless connection between physical nodes. The physical layer can also represent voltages, frequencies, pin layouts, and other things. Any other physical devices part of this transmission, like hubs and modems, are also included. Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 etc. protocols work on Physical Layer. Layer 2 – Data Link Layer The data link layer is in charge of establishing or eliminating a connection between physical nodes that may be connected through a [...]

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    Computer Networking Basics |   February 10, 2017

    Computer networking is a buzzword to the present world. By the virtue of computer networking, the world has become just like a village. So, anyone of the world can communicate with any person of the world within seconds as if they are living in a village. Computer networking does not mean a single element. A lot of networking elements and protocol work behind a computer networking. So, the computer guys who are interested to learn how computer networking works should [...]

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    Guest WiFi – How to Setup on MikroTik AP |   April 30, 2024

    Guest WiFi helps to keep your network safe and secure. Any sensitive wireless network should have a guest network. So, Guest WiFi is so essential for an office network. In a corporate office, guests or visitors frequently come and get connected to get internet for a few times. It is so much security issue to keep guest or visitor in the core network because among them someone can damage important network resources. So, to keep them isolated from the core [...]

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    Web Server Configuration in Linux with Apache, MariaDB and PHP |   January 2, 2018

    Web Server is one of the most important and most used servers today. Without web server internet cannot imagine. Even, the article you are reading is also served by a web server. So, having web server configuration knowledge is beneficial for you, I think. A web server is responsible to serve HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) contents such as text, image, audio, video etc. to its clients. A lot of web servers are present today such as Apache, IIS, Nginx and [...]

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    MikroTik Site to Site SSTP VPN Setup with RouterOS Client |   May 14, 2020

    VPN (Virtual Private Network) technology provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network. So, a private network user can send and receive data to any remote private network through VPN tunnel as if his/her network device was directly connected to that private network. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) transports PPP tunnel over TLS channel. SSTP uses TLS channel over TCP port 443. So, SSTP VPN can virtually pass through all firewalls and proxy servers. Because of using TLS [...]

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    MikroTik Firewall Basic Concept |   October 6, 2017

    MikroTik Firewall functions as a network security tool for preventing unauthorized access to networks as well as provides Network Address Translation functionality. So, a network administrator who is using MikroTik Router in his network cannot go a single day without MikroTik Firewall. Actually, the main duty of a MikroTik administrator is to maintain Firewall properly along with Bandwidth management after completing MikroTik Router basic configuration. So, a MikroTik administrator should have enough knowledge on MikroTik Firewall and so this article [...]

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    Download YouTube Video with Firefox Add-ons |   August 26, 2015

    YouTube is the most popular video sharing website. Statistics shows that YouTube is the second popular website of the world. So, it is nothing to say that you are a YouTube fan like me. As a YouTube fan, sometimes you may need to download YouTube videos which you like. Although, you often get an extra bandwidth for YouTube video streaming from your ISP now a days so that you can watch your favorite YouTube video without any buffering. But it [...]

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    Single IP NAT Strategy in MikroTik RouterOS 7 |   September 29, 2015

    MikroTik Router has a lot of features which help to customize network as our requirement. Sometimes, it may be our requirement that we need to allow internet access on per IP. Normally, when we apply masquerade NAT rule in our MikroTik Router, all private IPs will be masqueraded or a network block will be masqueraded. If we do normal masqurade and enable a DHCP Server in our network, we may face a lot of unauthorized access in our network. Because [...]

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    Red Hat/CentOS 7 Linux Installation (Minimal Packages) |   April 18, 2017

    Linux is a free and open source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds on September 17, 1991. It is mainly used as server environment. A lot of Linux distributions are present today. Among them, Red Hat Linux is used as enterprise Linux. Red Hat is also known as Red Hat commercial Linux that means Red Hat is a paid service program. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is another Linux distribution that provides a free and open source, enterprise-class, community-supported server platform functionally [...]

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    Upgrading MikroTik RouterOS and Firmware using Winbox |   September 9, 2018

    MikroTik RouterOS is in constant development and new features or bug fixes are frequently available, sometimes even monthly. So, it is always recommend upgrading your MikroTik RouterOS to a latest and stable version before beginning any configuration. Sometimes you may find that your production router is required to be upgraded to a new version based on some logical reasons such as: A new feature is available to a new update and you need to implement that new feature. New version [...]

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